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Protein binding
Protein binding refers to the interaction of various substances (ligands) with protei…
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Organic chemistry
Acidity of Alkynes
Acidity of Alkynes:- Alkynes and acetylenes are acidic in nature because they always readily donate proton to strong bases. Acetylene is a stronger…
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Organic chemistry
The resonance structure of Naphthalene and Anthracene
The resonance structure of Naphthalene and Anthracene:- Naphthalene has 2 carbon atoms shared by 2 rings anthracene and phenolphthalein have 2 pair…
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Organic chemistry
Distinguish between primary (1°) Secondary(2°) Tertiary(3°) Alcohols
The following tests are used to distinguish between the primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols. Lucas test:- Alcohols are treated with a solution…
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Organic chemistry
Keto-enol Tautomerism
Keto-enol Tautomerism Ethyl acetoacetate offers a classical and most thoroughly investigated example of keto and tautomerism. Geuther (1863) assig…
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Organic chemistry
Optical isomerism, Plane polarized light
Optical isomerism 1. Certain substances have a remarkable power of rotation. the plane-polarized light either towards left or right, the phenomenon …
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Organic chemistry
Bayer's Oxidation
Bayer's Oxidation:- Alkenes react with cold dilute potassium permanganate solution to form glycols, glyco…
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Organic chemistry
Why benzene undergoes electrophilic substitution reactions why not addition
Why benzene undergoes electrophilic substitution reactions why not addition? Both benzene and alkenes are susceptible to electrophilic attack becau…
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Organic chemistry
Free radicals of carbon
Free radicals of carbon :- Carbonium ions and carbanions, these have no charge they are formed by homolytic fission. Here the Z and carbon atom hav…
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Organic chemistry
Bond lengths and Energies
Bond lengths :- When two atoms are bonded by a covalent bond the distance between the centre of the two nuclei is called bond length. it is measure…
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Organic chemistry
Hofmann Degradation
Hofmann Degradation Amide is treated with bromine or chlorine in alkali solution converts to primary amine This reaction was discovered by hofmann …
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Organic chemistry
Saytzeff rule
Saytzeff Rule The rule stays that when such attentive exists hydrogen is differentially eliminated from the carbon atom with few number of hydrogen…
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Organic chemistry
1,2 and 1,4 Addition reactions
1,2 and 1,4 Addition reactions 1,3 - butadiene reacts with halogen acids (HBr or HCl) to yield a mixture of two compounds. they are 3-bromo 1 butene…
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Organic chemistry
Stability of carbonium ions and carbanions
Stability of carbonium ions :- This is influenced by both resonance and inductive effects. For example, the allyl and benzyl carbonium ion can be s…
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Organic chemistry
SN1, SN2 Mechanism
SN1 Mechanism :- SN1 Stands for unimolecular nucleophilic substitution. This mechanism involves two steps consider the hydrolysis of tert-butyl bro…
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