TYPES OF ORGANIC BONDS

There are 3 basic ways in which chemical combination occurs.

1. Ionic or electrovalent bond 

2. Covalent bond

3. Co-Ordinate bond

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1. Ionic or electrovalent bond:-

Ionic bond or electrovalent bond formed by transfer of valence electrons from one atom to another atom. This type of bond unites two atoms one in which has excess of electrons and the other one is short of electrons to fulfill. Hence the sodium atom (2,8,1) transfer it's excess electrons to Chlorine (2,8,7) and then both atoms attain a stable inert gas type electron configuration. sodium acquired the electron configuration (2a, Neon and becomes positive charge ) Chlorine acquires the electron configuration of argon (2a, 8 becoms negative charge). 

This type of bond formation is commonly found in Inorganic compounds.

2. Covalent bond:-

Covalent bonds are formed by mutual sharing of electrons. This type of bond unites are two atoms, in this the two atoms in the bond are short of electrons. The two atoms contribute one electron each and then share the resulting pair of electrons. Hydrogen is the simplest compound formed in this way.

H∙ + xH -----à H∙ X H (or) H - H

Here the two electrons are formed a pair to give each hydrogen atom the configuration of helium. this type of bond is termed covalent bond, these are commonly found in inorganic compounds 

3. Co-Ordinate bond:-

As we know that Covalent bond is formed by mutual sharing of electrons but in this case the two electrons that are shared from the same atom. The first atom (donor atom) contributes one pair (lone pair) of electrons and the second atom accepts. After the formation of the bond, the co-ordinate bond is found in the boron hydride ammonia complex

Boron hydride ammonia complex.

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