Principal and procedure involved in the preparation of aromatic spirit of ammonia

The aromatic spirit of ammonia ( also called as spirit of Hartshorn) is a pharmaceutical preparation used as a respiratory stimulant and to relieve faintness or lightheadedness. It contains ammonia and a blend of aromatic oils in an alcohol solution. 

Principle:

The preparation involves dissolving ammonia in alcohol and water, followed by the addition of aromatic oils to give the product its characteristic fragrance. The alcohol serves as a solvent and preservative, while the ammonia acts as a stimulant.

Ingredients:

• Strong Ammonium Hydroxide (28%): Ammonia source, used as a stimulant.
• Ammonium Carbonate: Another ammonia source, helps release ammonia gas.
• Essential Oils (Lemon oil, Nutmeg oil, and Lavender oil): Provide aroma and help mask the pungent smell of ammonia.
• Ethanol: Used as a solvent for the essential oils.
• Purified Water: Diluent.

Procedure:

1. Dissolution of Aromatic Oils:

   • Mix the aromatic oils (lemon oil, nutmeg oil, and lavender oil) with ethanol to form a solution. This ensures the oils are properly dissolved and evenly distributed in the final preparation.

2. Dissolution of Ammonium Carbonate:

   • Dissolve the ammonium carbonate in a small quantity of purified water. Ammonium carbonate slowly decomposes to release ammonia, which provides the desired pharmacological action.

3. Mixing of Ammonia Solution:

   • Carefully add strong ammonium hydroxide (ammonia solution) to the mixture of dissolved ammonium carbonate. This increases the ammonia concentration and enhances the stimulant properties.

4. Combining Aromatic and Ammonia Solutions:

   • Gradually mix the solution of aromatic oils with the ammonia solution. Ensure proper stirring to achieve a uniform mixture. The alcohol in the aromatic oil solution helps in blending the two phases.

5. Final Dilution:

   • Add the remaining purified water to dilute the preparation to the required volume. This helps in achieving the desired concentration of ammonia and ensures the product is not too strong.

6. Filtration:

   • Filter the final preparation to remove any undissolved particles or impurities, ensuring a clear solution.

7. Packaging and Storage:

   • The final product is packaged in airtight amber bottles to protect it from light and evaporation of volatile components. It should be stored in a cool, dry place.

Precautions:

• Handle ammonia carefully as it can be irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system.
• Ensure the aromatic oils are of pharmaceutical grade and properly measured to avoid overpowering the preparation.

Labeling:

The preparation should be clearly labeled with its name, ingredients, storage conditions, and usage instructions.