Differentiation of Ointments and Pastes

 Ointments and pastes are both topical formulations used for skin conditions, but they differ in composition, texture, and application:

1. Composition:

• Ointments: Primarily composed of oils (80%) and water (20%), ointments are greasy and have a high lipid content. They are typically anhydrous or contain very little water.
• Pastes: Pastes are a mixture of oil, water, and a large proportion of solid ingredients (e.g., powders), making them much thicker than ointments.

2. Texture:

• Ointments: Smooth, greasy, and semi-solid. They spread easily and create an occlusive barrier on the skin, trapping moisture.
• Pastes: Much thicker and stiffer compared to ointments. They are less greasy due to the higher percentage of solids, which makes them more difficult to spread.

3. Absorption:

• Ointments: Provide a protective layer that minimizes water loss from the skin, making them useful for dry skin or conditions requiring moisture retention.
• Pastes: Have less occlusive properties and are less absorbent, often used for protective or drying effects, like in diaper rash treatments.

4. Uses:

• Ointments: Suitable for dry, scaly, or non-oozing skin conditions such as eczema or psoriasis. They are typically used for longer-term moisturization.
• Pastes: Often used to protect the skin, especially in moist or inflamed areas. They are good for conditions like diaper rash or areas prone to friction.

5. Residue:

• Ointments: Leave a greasy residue on the skin.
• Pastes: Tend to leave a more solid, powdery residue due to their high solid content.

In summary, ointments are more suitable for moisturizing and creating a barrier, while pastes are thicker, less greasy, and used in conditions requiring a protective or drying effect.